Which cellular organelle is involved in degrading misfolded proteins?

The lysosome is the organelle primarily responsible for degrading misfolded proteins within the cell. It contains a variety of hydrolytic enzymes capable of breaking down various biomolecules, including proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. When proteins are improperly folded, they can aggregate and become nonfunctional, which can be detrimental to the cell. The lysosome helps maintain cellular homeostasis by removing these damaged proteins.

While the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a role in the initial folding and quality control of proteins, it is primarily focused on synthesizing and folding proteins rather than degrading them. The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for transport but does not directly participate in degrading misfolded proteins. The nucleus is mainly involved in housing the genetic material and regulating gene expression, and does not have a function in the degradation of proteins.

Thus, the lysosome is the key organelle involved in the degradation of misfolded proteins, ensuring that the cell can recycle components and maintain its overall health.